可以使用Airflow的TimeDeltaSensor传感器来检测任务持续运行的时间，并配置一个回调函数来处理任务失败的情况。具体步骤如下：

1. 导入TimeDeltaSensor类和Variable类：

from airflow.models import Variable
from airflow.sensors.time_delta_sensor import TimeDeltaSensor

2. 在Dag定义中创建一个时间差传感器并设置等待时间：

wait_time = Variable.get("wait_time")
sensor_timeout = Variable.get("sensor_timeout")

check_duration = TimeDeltaSensor(
    task_id='check_duration',
    delta=wait_time,
    timeout=sensor_timeout,
    poke_interval=60, #每过60秒检查一次
    mode='reschedule',
    dag=dag
)

3. 定义一个回调函数以处理任务失败的情况：

def failure_callback(context):
    failure_message = "Task {} failed because it ran for more than {}"
    task_id = context['task_instance'].task_id
    duration = wait_time

    raise ValueError(failure_message.format(task_id, duration))

4. 在创建传感器时将回调函数传递到传感器的构造函数中：

check_duration = TimeDeltaSensor(
    task_id='check_duration',
    delta=wait_time,
    timeout=sensor_timeout,
    poke_interval=60,
    mode='reschedule',
    on_failure_callback=failure_callback, #添加回调函数
    dag=dag
)

这样，如果任务在10小时内没有完成，传感器将调用回调函数来使任务失败。

完整的Dag定义示例如下所示：

from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from airflow.models import DAG, Variable
from airflow.operators.python_operator import PythonOperator
from airflow.sensors.time_delta_sensor import TimeDeltaSensor

default_args = {
    'owner': 'airflow',
    'depends_on_past': False,
    'start_date': datetime(2022, 1, 1),
    'email_on_failure': False,
    'email_on_retry': False,
    'retries': 1,
    'retry_delay': timedelta(minutes=5)
}

dag = DAG('example_dag', default_args=default_args, catchup=False, schedule_interval='@daily')

wait_time = Variable.get("wait_time")
sensor_timeout = Variable.get("sensor_timeout")

def failure_callback(context):
    failure_message = "Task {} failed because it ran for more than {}"
    task_id = context['task_instance'].task_id
    duration = wait_time

    raise ValueError(failure_message.format(task_id, duration))

check_duration = TimeDeltaSensor(
    task_id='check_duration',
    delta=wait_time,
    timeout=sensor_timeout,
    poke_interval=60,
    mode='reschedule',
    on_failure_callback=failure_callback,
    dag=dag
)

example_task = PythonOperator(
    task_id='example_task',
    python_callable=example_function,
    dag=dag
)

check_duration >> example_task