在Apache Airflow中,如果DAG中的任务太多,可能会导致性能下降或任务调度延迟。以下是几种解决方法的示例代码:
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.dummy_operator import DummyOperator
from airflow.utils.dates import days_ago
dag = DAG(
dag_id='big_dag',
schedule_interval=None,
start_date=days_ago(1)
)
def create_subdag(parent_dag, task_id, tasks):
subdag = DAG(
dag_id=f'{parent_dag.dag_id}.{task_id}',
schedule_interval=None,
start_date=parent_dag.start_date
)
with subdag:
for task in tasks:
DummyOperator(task_id=task, dag=subdag)
return subdag
tasks = ['task_1', 'task_2', 'task_3', ...] # 大量任务列表
split_tasks = [tasks[i:i+10] for i in range(0, len(tasks), 10)] # 将任务列表分成小块
start = DummyOperator(task_id='start', dag=dag)
end = DummyOperator(task_id='end', dag=dag)
for i, split_task in enumerate(split_tasks):
subdag_task = create_subdag(dag, f'subdag_{i}', split_task)
start >> subdag_task >> end
BranchPythonOperator
和TriggerDagRunOperator
动态触发子DAG:from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.dummy_operator import DummyOperator
from airflow.operators.python_operator import BranchPythonOperator, PythonOperator
from airflow.operators.trigger_dagrun import TriggerDagRunOperator
from airflow.utils.dates import days_ago
dag = DAG(
dag_id='big_dag',
schedule_interval=None,
start_date=days_ago(1)
)
def check_task_count():
# 检查任务数量并返回要执行的子DAG ID
task_count = get_task_count() # 获取任务数量的逻辑
if task_count <= 100:
return 'small_dag'
else:
return 'big_dag'
def create_subdag(parent_dag, dag_id, tasks):
subdag = DAG(
dag_id=f'{parent_dag.dag_id}.{dag_id}',
schedule_interval=None,
start_date=parent_dag.start_date
)
with subdag:
for task in tasks:
DummyOperator(task_id=task, dag=subdag)
return subdag
def trigger_subdag(context):
# 动态触发子DAG
tasks = ['task_1', 'task_2', 'task_3', ...] # 大量任务列表
split_tasks = [tasks[i:i+10] for i in range(0, len(tasks), 10)] # 将任务列表分成小块
for i, split_task in enumerate(split_tasks):
subdag_task = create_subdag(context['dag'], f'subdag_{i}', split_task)
TriggerDagRunOperator(task_id=f'trigger_subdag_{i}', trigger_dag_id=f'{context["dag"].dag_id}.{subdag_task.dag_id}', dag=context['dag'])
check_task_count_task = BranchPythonOperator(task_id='check_task_count', python_callable=check_task_count, provide_context=True, dag=dag)
small_dag_task = DummyOperator(task_id='small_dag', dag=dag)
big_dag_task = DummyOperator(task_id='big_dag', dag=dag)
trigger_subdag_task = PythonOperator(task_id='trigger_subdag', python_callable=trigger_subdag, provide_context=True, dag=dag)
check_task_count_task >> [small_dag_task, big_dag_task]
big_dag_task >> trigger_subdag_task
这些示例代码展示了如何将大量任务拆分为小的子DAG或动态触发子DAG,从而解决Apache Airflow中DAG中任务过多的问题。根据实际情况选择适合的解决方案。