在.vscode/launch.json文件中添加LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量的配置。示例代码如下：

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Rust Launch",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/target/debug/my_rust_program",
            "args":[],
            "env": {
                "LD_LIBRARY_PATH": "${workspaceFolder}/path/to/libraries"
            },
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/path/to/your/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

其中${workspaceFolder}/path/to/libraries应该被替换为包含需要的共享库的路径。如果有多个路径，可以使用冒号分隔。