在Android上实时处理预览帧的一种解决方法是使用Camera2 API。以下是一个简单的示例，演示如何在Android上实时处理摄像头预览帧：

1. 首先，在AndroidManifest.xml中添加相机权限：

2. 创建一个Camera2Helper类来管理相机的初始化和帧处理：

public class Camera2Helper {
    private static final int IMAGE_FORMAT = ImageFormat.YUV_420_888;
    private static final int MAX_IMAGES = 2;
    
    private Context context;
    private CameraDevice cameraDevice;
    private CameraCaptureSession captureSession;
    private ImageReader imageReader;
    private HandlerThread backgroundThread;
    private Handler backgroundHandler;
    
    public Camera2Helper(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }
    
    public void openCamera(Surface surface) throws CameraAccessException {
        CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        String cameraId = cameraManager.getCameraIdList()[0];
        
        cameraManager.openCamera(cameraId, new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onOpened(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
                cameraDevice = camera;
                createCaptureSession(surface);
            }

            @Override
            public void onDisconnected(@NonNull CameraDevice camera) {
                camera.close();
                cameraDevice = null;
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(@NonNull CameraDevice camera, int error) {
                camera.close();
                cameraDevice = null;
            }
        }, null);
    }
    
    public void startPreview() {
        if (cameraDevice == null || !cameraDevice.isOpen()) {
            return;
        }
        
        try {
            CaptureRequest.Builder captureRequestBuilder = cameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
            captureRequestBuilder.addTarget(imageReader.getSurface());
            
            cameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(imageReader.getSurface()), new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
                @Override
                public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session) {
                    captureSession = session;
                    
                    try {
                        captureSession.setRepeatingRequest(captureRequestBuilder.build(), null, backgroundHandler);
                    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session) {
                    session.close();
                    captureSession = null;
                }
            }, null);
        } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public void startBackgroundThread() {
        backgroundThread = new HandlerThread("CameraBackground");
        backgroundThread.start();
        backgroundHandler = new Handler(backgroundThread.getLooper());
    }
    
    public void stopBackgroundThread() {
        backgroundThread.quitSafely();
        try {
            backgroundThread.join();
            backgroundThread = null;
            backgroundHandler = null;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public void releaseCamera() {
        if (cameraDevice != null) {
            cameraDevice.close();
            cameraDevice = null;
        }
        
        if (captureSession != null) {
            captureSession.close();
            captureSession = null;
        }
        
        if (imageReader != null) {
            imageReader.close();
            imageReader = null;
        }
    }
    
    private void createCaptureSession(Surface surface) throws CameraAccessException {
        imageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(surface.getWidth(), surface.getHeight(), IMAGE_FORMAT, MAX_IMAGES);
        imageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() {
            @Override
            public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
                Image image = reader.acquireLatestImage();
                // 处理预览帧
                processImage(image);
                image.close();
            }
        }, backgroundHandler);
        
        startPreview();
    }
    
    private void processImage(Image image) {
        // 在这里进行预览帧的处理
    }
}

3. 在Activity中使用Camera2Helper类来处理预览帧：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextureView textureView;
    private Camera2Helper cameraHelper;
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        textureView = findViewById(R.id.texture_view);
        cameraHelper = new Camera2Helper(this);
        
        textureView.setSurfaceTextureListener(new TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surface, int width, int height) {
                try {
                    cameraHelper.openCamera(new Surface(surface));
                }