并行和顺序运行代码时产生不同的结果的解决方法可以通过以下方式来实现:
下面是一个使用Python的threading
模块中的Lock
来保护共享资源的示例代码:
import threading
shared_resource = 0
lock = threading.Lock()
def increment():
global shared_resource
for _ in range(100000):
lock.acquire() # 获取锁
shared_resource += 1
lock.release() # 释放锁
def decrement():
global shared_resource
for _ in range(100000):
lock.acquire() # 获取锁
shared_resource -= 1
lock.release() # 释放锁
# 创建两个线程并行执行递增和递减操作
thread1 = threading.Thread(target=increment)
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=decrement)
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
thread1.join()
thread2.join()
print(shared_resource) # 输出结果应为0
下面是一个使用Python的threading
模块中的Condition
来实现线程同步的示例代码:
import threading
shared_resource = 0
condition = threading.Condition()
def increment():
global shared_resource
for _ in range(100000):
with condition:
shared_resource += 1
condition.notify() # 通知其他线程条件已满足
condition.wait() # 等待条件满足
def decrement():
global shared_resource
for _ in range(100000):
with condition:
shared_resource -= 1
condition.notify() # 通知其他线程条件已满足
condition.wait() # 等待条件满足
# 创建两个线程并行执行递增和递减操作
thread1 = threading.Thread(target=increment)
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=decrement)
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
thread1.join()
thread2.join()
print(shared_resource) # 输出结果应为0
通过使用锁、条件变量或信号量等线程同步机制,可以控制并行和顺序执行代码时产生不同结果的问题,确保代码的正确执行。