在SQLAlchemy查询中,可以使用with_polymorphic
函数来避免加载特定的类层次结构。
下面是一个代码示例:
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship, with_polymorphic
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()
class Animal(Base):
__tablename__ = 'animals'
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(50))
type = Column(String(50))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'animal',
'polymorphic_on': type
}
class Dog(Animal):
__tablename__ = 'dogs'
id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('animals.id'), primary_key=True)
breed = Column(String(50))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'dog'
}
class Cat(Animal):
__tablename__ = 'cats'
id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('animals.id'), primary_key=True)
color = Column(String(50))
__mapper_args__ = {
'polymorphic_identity': 'cat'
}
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///example.db')
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()
# 使用with_polymorphic函数来查询Animal类及其子类
animals = session.query(with_polymorphic(Animal, [Dog, Cat])).all()
for animal in animals:
print(animal.name)
if isinstance(animal, Dog):
print(animal.breed)
elif isinstance(animal, Cat):
print(animal.color)
在上面的示例中,我们使用with_polymorphic
函数来查询Animal类及其子类(Dog和Cat)。这样可以避免在查询时加载整个类层次结构。
请注意,with_polymorphic
函数的第一个参数是要查询的基类(Animal),第二个参数是要查询的子类列表([Dog, Cat])。在查询结果中,我们可以使用isinstance
函数来判断每个对象的真实类型,并进行相应的处理。