问题的解决方法是使用 Big Query API，通过设置 Schema 再按列导入数据。示例代码：

from google.cloud import bigquery  # 引入 Big Query Python 客户端库

client = bigquery.Client()  # 创建 Big Query 客户端对象

job_config = bigquery.LoadJobConfig(
    schema=[
        bigquery.SchemaField("column_name1", "STRING"),
        bigquery.SchemaField("column_name2", "INTEGER")
    ],
    skip_leading_rows=1,  # 跳过首行
    source_format=bigquery.SourceFormat.CSV,  # 数据源为 CSV 文件
)

with open("path/to/file.csv", "rb") as source_file:
    job = client.load_table_from_file(
        source_file,
        "project_id.dataset.table_name",
        job_config=job_config
    )

job.result()  # 等待导入任务完成