以下是一个示例函数，它从字典中提取信息，并在某些键或子键缺失时返回指定的默认值：

def extract_information(data, keys, default=None):
    """
    从字典中提取信息，并在某些键或子键缺失时返回默认值
    :param data: 要提取信息的字典
    :param keys: 需要提取的键或子键列表
    :param default: 缺失键或子键时返回的默认值，默认为None
    :return: 从字典中提取的信息或默认值
    """
    current = data
    for key in keys:
        if isinstance(current, dict) and key in current:
            current = current[key]
        else:
            return default
    return current

使用示例：

data = {
    "person": {
        "name": "John",
        "age": 30,
        "address": {
            "street": "123 Main St",
            "city": "New York"
        }
    }
}

# 提取存在的键或子键
name = extract_information(data, ["person", "name"])
age = extract_information(data, ["person", "age"])
street = extract_information(data, ["person", "address", "street"])

print(name)  # 输出: John
print(age)  # 输出: 30
print(street)  # 输出: 123 Main St

# 提取缺失的键或子键
city = extract_information(data, ["person", "address", "city"])
zipcode = extract_information(data, ["person", "address", "zipcode"], default="N/A")

print(city)  # 输出: New York
print(zipcode)  # 输出: N/A

在上面的示例中，extract_information函数接受一个字典、一个键或子键列表和一个默认值。它逐个检查键或子键是否存在，并返回对应的值。如果在提取过程中任何一个键或子键缺失，则返回默认值。